🇨🇴 Colombia

40 documents · 491k words · 14 blocks · 40 fact-checked, 1 fully verified

Plan Colombia (2000–) — US Aid, Coca Eradication, Counter-Insurgency

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Álvaro Uribe Vélez Presidency (2002–2010) — Democratic Security, AUC Demobilisation, Re-election, and the Contested Legacy

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CO-A-03

The Pastrana Presidency and the Caguán FARC Peace Process (1998–2002)

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CO-B-01

Juan Manuel Santos Calderón Presidency (2010–2018) — The Pivot to Peace, the Havana Agreement, the Plebiscite Defeat, and the Nobel Peace Prize

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CO-B-02

The 2012–2016 Havana FARC Peace Negotiations

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CO-B-03

The 2 October 2016 Peace Referendum and the Implementation Trajectory (2016–2022)

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Block A

Plan Colombia and Uribe Era (2000–2010)

CO-A-01Plan Colombia (2000–) — US Aid, Coca Eradication, Counter-Insurgency1998 through April 2026Verified8k w CO-A-02Álvaro Uribe Vélez Presidency (2002–2010) — Democratic Security, AUC Demobilisation, Re-election, and the Contested Legacy7 August 2002 through 7 August 2010Fact-checked16k w CO-A-03The Pastrana Presidency and the Caguán FARC Peace Process (1998–2002)7 August 1998 through 7 August 2002Fact-checked13k w

Block B

Santos Era and the Peace Process (2010–2018)

CO-B-01Juan Manuel Santos Calderón Presidency (2010–2018) — The Pivot to Peace, the Havana Agreement, the Plebiscite Defeat, and the Nobel Peace Prize7 August 2010 through 7 August 2018Fact-checked16k w CO-B-02The 2012–2016 Havana FARC Peace NegotiationsAugust 2012 through December 2016Fact-checked6k w CO-B-03The 2 October 2016 Peace Referendum and the Implementation Trajectory (2016–2022)26 September 2016 through 7 August 2022Fact-checked15k w

Block C

Duque Era (2018–2022)

CO-C-01Iván Duque Márquez Presidency (2018–2022) — The Centro Democrático Restoration, the Peace-Implementation Slowdown, the Paro Nacional Cycles, the Venezuelan Migration Response, and the 2022 Transition to Petro7 August 2018 through 7 August 2022Fact-checked16k w CO-C-02The 2019–2021 *Paros Nacionales* — The 21 November 2019 *Paro*, the November-December 2019 Sustained Mobilisation, the COVID-19 Interruption, the 28 April – June 2021 *Paro Nacional*, the ESMAD Violence, the Cali Concentration, the Inter-American Commission June 2021 Working Visit, and the Conditioning of the 2022 Electoral TransitionLate 2018 through mid-2022Fact-checked13k w

Block D

Petro Era (2022–present)

CO-D-01The 2022 Petro Election — Colombia's First Left-Wing Federal Government and the Pacto HistóricoApril 2021 through mid-2025Fact-checked8k w CO-D-02The Petro Government Architecture: Colombia's First Left Presidency and the Reform Agenda (2022–2024)2022–2024Fact-checked7k w CO-D-03The Petro Government Post-2024 Trajectory — Coalition Rupture, Reform Endgame, *Paz Total* Crisis, and the 2026 Election HorizonJanuary 2024 — May 2026Fact-checked16k w CO-D-04Petro's Second Half — *Paz Total* at Impasse, Cabinet Recomposition, and the 2025 Pre-Election Trajectory2023–2025Fact-checked17k w CO-D-05Colombia 2025–2026 — Petro's Fourth Year, the *Pacto Histórico* Primary, the Uribe Prosecutions, and the Pre-Electoral Field2025 — May 2026Fact-checked14k w CO-D-06Colombia January–May 2026 — Pre-Election Deepening, the Petro Endgame, and the *Uribista* RearticulationJanuary 2026 – May 2026Fact-checked16k w CO-D-07Colombia's 2026 Presidential Election — Pre-Campaign Crystallisation, the Petro Legacy, and the Polity Test2024 – mid-2026Fact-checked13k w CO-D-08Petro Year Three (August 2024 – August 2025) and the Pre-2026 Electoral TrajectoryAugust 2024 – August 2025Fact-checked15k w CO-D-09*Pacto Histórico* Fracture and the 2026 Election TrajectoryJanuary 2025 – early June 2026Fact-checked17k w CO-D-10Colombia 2026 Election Outcome and the Post-Petro Transition8 March 2026 – 31 May 2026 – 21 June 2026 – 7 August 2026Fact-checked14k w

Block E

Economic Architecture

CO-E-01The ELN Negotiation Cycle from the 2017 Cuba Table to the 2025 Catatumbo RuptureFebruary 2017 through 26 August 2026Fact-checked20k w CO-E-02Petro's Pre-2026 Election Period — *Pacto Histórico* Fracture, Cundinamarca Dynamics, and the Successor QuestionAugust 2025 — April 2026Fact-checked11k w

Block F

Foreign Policy

CO-F-01Colombian Foreign Policy — From Plan Colombia to the Petro Realignment (2000–2026)2000 through May 2026Fact-checked10k w CO-F-02The Colombia-Venezuela Border — Migration, Reopened Diplomacy, and the Petro-Maduro Relationship, 2022–2026August 2022 through May 2026 — with conditioning reference back to the 1830 dissolution of *Gran…Fact-checked14k w CO-F-03Colombia-United States Relations — From Plan Colombia to the Petro-Trump-2 Rupture (1998-2026)August 1998 through May 2026Fact-checked15k w CO-F-04Colombia-China Relations — The Late-Arriving Partnership (1980-2026)7 February 1980 through May 2026, weighted toward the post-2010 commercial deepening and the…Fact-checked9k w

Block G

Economic and Social Policy

CO-G-01Colombia's Economic Model — From the 1991 Apertura to Petro's Reform Agenda (1990–2026)1990–2026Fact-checked10k w CO-G-02The Coca Economy and Drug Policy — From Fumigation to Total Peace (1994–2026)1994 through June 2026Fact-checked8k w CO-G-03The Colombian Health System — *Ley 100*, Tutela Medicine, and the Reform Wars (1993–2026)1993 through June 2026Fact-checked9k w

Block H

Biographies

CO-H-PRES-01Andrés Pastrana Arango — A Biography (1954–2026)1954 through May 2026Fact-checked13k w CO-H-PRES-02Álvaro Uribe Vélez — A Biography (1952–2026)1952 through May 2026Fact-checked8k w CO-H-PRES-03Juan Manuel Santos Calderón — A Biography (1951–2026)1951 through May 2026Fact-checked9k w CO-H-PRES-04Iván Duque Márquez — A Biography (1976–2026)1 August 1976 through May 2026Fact-checked17k w CO-H-PRES-05Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego — A Biography (1960–2026)19 April 1960 through 7 August 2026Fact-checked13k w

Block I

Institutions

CO-I-01The Colombian Constitutional Court and Judicial Architecture — The Four High Courts, the *Tutela*, Landmark Jurisprudence, and Judicial Independence Under Stress (1991–2026)1991–2026Fact-checked9k w

Block J

Contested Legacies

CO-J-01Three Accounts — The 1985 Palace of Justice Siege (6–7 November 1985)6–7 November 1985Fact-checked10k w CO-J-02Three Accounts — The *Falsos Positivos* Extrajudicial Killings (2002–2010)2002–2010Fact-checked11k w

Block K

Key Decisions

CO-K-01The 1991 Constitution and Gaviria Reforms — Séptima Papeleta, M-19 Demobilisation, Constituent Assembly, and Apertura Económica (1989–1996)1989–1996Fact-checked10k w CO-K-02The Santos Decision to Negotiate with the FARC (2010–2012)2008 – September 2012Fact-checked11k w

Block N

External Lens

CO-N-01Colombia in International Perceptions — From Failed State to Peace Laboratory (1990–2026)1990–2026Fact-checked10k w

Block O

Mega Trends

CO-O-01Colombia Megatrends — The 2030s Questions2026–2040 horizon, grounded in the 1990–2026 recordFact-checked10k w

Block R

CO-R-01: Colombia Governance Books Canon

CO-R-01Colombia Governance Books Canon1985–presentFact-checked12k w