🇵🇪 Peru

40 documents · 535k words · 13 blocks · 38 fact-checked, 2 fully verified

PE-A-01

The Fujimori First Presidency (1990–2000)

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PE-A-02

The 2000 Fujimori Collapse and the Paniagua Transitional Government

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PE-A-03

The Velasco Alvarado Military Government, Agrarian Reform, and the Bermúdez Phase (1968–1980)

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PE-A-04

Peru's Congressional Architecture and the Restoration of Bicameralism (1993–2026)

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PE-B-01

The Humala and Kuczynski Presidencies (2011–2018)

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PE-B-02

The War of the Pacific (1879–1884) and Its Long Shadow on Peruvian Political Identity

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Block A

Toledo to García (2001–2011)

PE-A-01The Fujimori First Presidency (1990–2000)28 July 1990 – 22 November 2000Fact-checked18k w PE-A-02The 2000 Fujimori Collapse and the Paniagua Transitional Government5 April 1992 through July 2001Fact-checked12k w PE-A-03The Velasco Alvarado Military Government, Agrarian Reform, and the Bermúdez Phase (1968–1980)3 October 1968 through 28 July 1980Fact-checked18k w PE-A-04Peru's Congressional Architecture and the Restoration of Bicameralism (1993–2026)1993–2026Fact-checked13k w PE-A-05Fernando Belaúnde Terry's First Presidency — *Acción Popular*, the IPC Dispute, and the Path to Velasco's Coup (28 July 1963 – 3 October 1968)28 July 1963 through 3 October 1968Draft17k w PE-A-06Fernando Belaúnde Terry's Second Presidency — Restored Democracy, Sendero Luminoso's Onset, and the 1983 IMF Stabilisation (28 July 1980 – 28 July 1985)18 May 1980 through 28 July 1985Draft23k w

Block B

Humala and Kuczynski (2011–2018)

PE-B-01The Humala and Kuczynski Presidencies (2011–2018)5 June 2011 through 23 March 2018Fact-checked15k w PE-B-02The War of the Pacific (1879–1884) and Its Long Shadow on Peruvian Political Identity14 February 1879 – 20 October 1883 – 4 June 1929 – 27 January 2014Fact-checked11k w

Block D

Castillo to Boluarte (2021–present)

PE-D-01The Toledo and García Presidencies (2001–2011)28 July 2001 – 28 July 2011Fact-checked16k w PE-D-02The 7 December 2022 Castillo Auto-Coup Attempt and Removal6 June 2021 through end-2024Verified6k w PE-D-03The December 2022 – 2023 Boluarte-Era Protests7 December 2022 through end-2024Verified8k w PE-D-04The Boluarte Government 2023–2025 — Rolex Scandal, Otárola Resignation, the Adrianzén Cabinet, and the 2026 Pre-Election Trajectory2023–2025Fact-checked12k w PE-D-05Peru's 2025 Pre-Election Year — Bicameralism Restoration, the Security Crisis, and the April 2026 Field2024–2026. Note: §§1–11 assume Boluarte governs to 28 July 2026Fact-checked16k w PE-D-06Peru's 2026 General Election — The Pre-Campaign, the April First Round, and the Post-Boluarte Transition2025–2026Fact-checked17k w PE-D-07Boluarte's Final Year (August 2025 – July 2026) — Pre-Election Limbo, Cabinet Rotation, and the Pre-Transfer-of-Power DynamicsAugust 2025 – July 2026Fact-checked16k w PE-D-08Peru's 2026 Second-Round Runoff and the Post-Election Transition — The 7 June 2026 Runoff, the Bicameral First-Test Senate–Chamber Dynamics, the 28 July 2026 Bicentenario Transfer of Power, and the 2026–2031 Governing ArithmeticApril 2026 – July 2026Fact-checked18k w

Block F

Foreign Policy

PE-F-01Peru–China Relations and the Chancay Megaport — From Strategic Partnership to the Pacific Pivot (2001–2026)2001–2026. Note: §12's "post-Boluarte administration after 28 July 2026" elides two intervening…Fact-checked14k w PE-F-02Peru–United States Relations — From the Fujimori Counter-Narcotics Bargain to the Hedged Partnership (1990–2026)1990–2026Fact-checked10k w

Block G

Economic and Social Policy

PE-G-01The Peruvian Economic Model — The Mining Boom, Macro Orthodoxy, and the Informality Trap (1990–2026)1990–2026Fact-checked10k w PE-G-02Peruvian Mining Political Economy — Copper, Gold, the Communidad-Conflict Cycle, and the Post-2003 Commodity Supercycle (1990–2026)1990–2026Fact-checked12k w PE-G-03The Informality Political Economy — *The Other Path* and the Seventy-Percent Economy (1980–2026)1980–2026Fact-checked11k w

Block H

Biographies

PE-H-PRES-01Alberto Fujimori — A Biography (1938–2024)28 July 1938 – 11 September 2024Fact-checked12k w PE-H-PRES-02Alan García Pérez — A Biography (1949–2019)23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019Fact-checked18k w PE-H-PRES-03Alejandro Toledo Manrique — A Biography (1946– )28 March 1946 – presentFact-checked14k w PE-H-PRES-04Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso — A Biography (1962– )27 June 1962 – presentFact-checked19k w PE-H-PRES-05Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard — A Biography (1938– )3 October 1938 – presentFact-checked12k w PE-H-PRES-06José Pedro Castillo Terrones — A Biography (1969– )19 October 1969 – presentFact-checked14k w PE-H-PRES-07Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra — A Biography (1962– )31 May 1962 – presentFact-checked17k w PE-H-PRES-08Martín Alberto Vizcarra Cornejo — A Biography (1963– )22 March 1963 – mid-2026Fact-checked10k w

Block I

Institutions

PE-I-01The Peruvian Institutional Architecture — Congress, Constitutional Tribunal, JNE, and JNJ (1993–2026)1993 – 2026Fact-checked11k w PE-I-02Peruvian Decentralisation — Regional Governments and the Territorial State (2002–2026)2002–2026Fact-checked10k w

Block J

Contested Legacies

PE-J-01Lava Jato in Peru — The Odebrecht–Camargo Corrêa Bribery Architecture and the Six-President Prosecutorial Sequence (2001–2026)2001–2026Fact-checked20k w PE-J-02Three Accounts — The 2009 Bagua Massacre (*El Baguazo*) (2008–2009)2008–2009Fact-checked12k w

Block K

Key Decisions

PE-K-01The 1993 Constitution and the Fujimori Autogolpe AftermathApril 1992 – November 2000Fact-checked10k w PE-K-02The Internal Armed Conflict — Shining Path, the MRTA, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1980–2003)1980–2003Fact-checked10k w PE-K-03The 1968 Acta de Talara, the "Página Once" Allegation, and the 3 October 1968 Velasco Coup1 February 1968 through 3 October 1968Fact-checked14k w

Block M

Ideas and Frameworks

PE-M-01Fujimorismo as Political Idea and Movement (1990–2026)1990 – 2026Fact-checked10k w

Block N

External Lens

PE-N-01Peru in International Perceptions — Fragile Democracy, Resource State (2000–2026)2000–2026Fact-checked9k w

Block O

Mega Trends

PE-O-01Peru Megatrends — The 2030s Questions2026–2040 horizon, grounded in the 1990–2026 recordFact-checked9k w

Block R

PE-R-01: Peru Governance Books Canon

PE-R-01Peru Governance Books Canon1980–presentFact-checked12k w